Drought is a critical lack in water supply or availability

Photo credit: Permaculture Association

IMAGE SOURCE : CSIRO [CC BY 3.0 ], via Wikimedia Commons

Drought

Drought is a critical lack in water supply or availability. Causes include deficiency in precipitation, dry seasons and El Nino, and human activities which degrade and exhaust the natural systems of the planet such as deforestation, over farming and excessive water extraction. Over-grazing and excessive irrigation exacerbate soil degradation via erosion and defoliation, subsequently this can bring desertification – which is excessive or total vegetation loss and complete exhaustion of the soil.

Many plants have a high degree of natural drought resistance, most easily identified by physical features such as a waxy cuticle (shiny leaves), smaller leaves, notably thicker stems and deep or wide root systems. Drought resistant species can be employed to facilitate restoration agriculture techniques, which include revegetation using specific plant assembliages and rotational and zonal grazing strategies, e.g. goat herds which graze fodder (equivalent to trimming bushes) at specific times, for specific periods, thus producing manure and urine to enrich the soil. These approaches applied to an area of land, can act to restore it to a state where it can be agriculturally productive and maintain the resilience, stability and diversity of a natural ecosystem again.

Food producing, perennial plants and trees, with drought resistant properties are increasingly recognised for their suitability in increasing community resilence and sustainability in drought affected areas. This approach; employing ecosystem services and natural processes, is proving to support a greater diversity of food crops, compared to more industrial approaches (such as greenhouses, irrigation and chemical fertilisation) which can have long-term negative effects such as salt panning, and much higher water consumption, both contributing to drought and desertification.

Permacultural techniqes have been developed, tested and continue to be advanced in the Jordanian dessert by Geoff Lawton and his team, for instance the Greening the Desert project sites. Governments in drought affected regions increasingly adpot the same or similar strategies and invest in developing revegetation strategies for areas severely affected by drought and desertification.

Read the full article: Permaculture Association

World Day to Combat Desertification

Photo credit: Google – Imgres.jpg

 

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

World Day to Combat Desertification to be held on 17 June 

Let us find long‐term solutions, not just quick fixes, to disasters that are
destroying communities,” urged Monique Barbut, Executive Secretary of the UNCCD.(See PRESS RELEASE below).

COMMENTS

Willem Van Cotthem: We keep hoping that success stories and best practices will be applied at the global level. Priority should be given to methods and techniques providing daily fresh food to the hungry and malnourished. It cannot be denied that hunger and malnutrition are constantly undermining the performances of people. Application of existing success stories in local food production (kitchen gardens, school gardens, hospital gardens, …) would positively influence the efforts to combat desertification (limiting erosion, stimulating reforestation, etc.). We keep hoping.

ReplyUnited Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Hi Willem Van Cotthem, would you like to share some success stories you have? We always welcome all to share!”

       ReplyWillem Van Cotthem : Hello Friends at the UNCCD Secretariat: It will be my pleasure to select a series of success stories in the literature. However, I am convinced that the UNCCD secretariat has the necessary documentation to compile even a book on this subject (to the best of my knowledge the documents, e.g. presentations at COPs and meetings of CST and CRIC, have been there during my active period in the CST and in Bonn). Please consider a consultancy to achieve top class work that would serve all member countries, the CST and the CRIC. To be presented at the next World Day June 17th 2016.

PRESS RELEASE
UNCCD’s Monique Barbut Calls for Long‐Term Solutions Not Just Quick Fixes To Drought Bonn, Germany, 22/02/2016 –
“Protect Earth. Restore Land. Engage People. This is the slogan for this year’s World Day to Combat Desertification to be held on 17 June. I am calling for solidarity from the international community with the people who are battling the ravages of drought and flood. Let us find long‐term solutions, not just quick fixes, to disasters that are destroying communities,” urged Monique Barbut, Executive Secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
The droughts and floods beating down on communities in many parts of the world are linked to the current El Niño, which is expected to affect up 60 million people by July. In some areas, including in North Eastern Brazil, Somali, Ethiopia, Kenya and Namibia, the El Niño effects are coming on the back of years of severe and recurrent droughts. It is impossible for households that rely on the land for food and farm labor to recover, especially when the land is degraded.
What’s more, these conditions do not just devastate families and destabilize communities. When they are not attended to urgently, they can become a push factor for migration, and end with gross human rights abuses and long‐term security threats.
“We have seen this before – in Darfur following four decades of droughts and desertification and, more recently, in Syria, following the long drought of 2007‐2010. It is tragic to see a society breaking down when we can reduce the vulnerability of communities through simple and affordable acts such as restoring the degraded lands they live on, and helping countries to set up better systems for drought early warning and to prepare for and manage drought and floods,” Barbut said.
Ms Barbut made the remarks when announcing the plans for this year’s World Day to Combat Desertification, which will take place on 17 June.
“I hope that World Day to Combat Desertification this year marks a turning point for every country. We need to show, through practical action and cooperation, how every country is tacking or supporting these challenges at the front‐end to preempt or minimize the potential impacts of the disasters, not just at the back‐end after the disasters happen,” she stated.
The United Nations General Assembly designated 17 June as the observance Day to raise public awareness about international efforts to combat desertification and the effects of drought.
Ms Barbut thanked the Government and People of China, for offering to host the global observance event, which will take place at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
“China has vast experience in nursing degraded lands and man‐made deserts back to health. This knowledge can and should benefit initiatives such as Africa’s Great Green Wall, the re‐ greening in southern Africa and the 20 X 20 Initiative in Latin America. We can create a better, more equal and climate change‐resilient world,” she noted.
“I also call on countries, the private sector, foundations and people of goodwill to support Africa  when the countries meet later in the year to develop concrete plans and policies to pre‐ empt, monitor and manage droughts,” Ms Barbut stated.
The 2016 World Day campaign is also advancing the Sustainable Development Goals adopted in September last year. The Goals include a target to achieve a land degradation‐neutral world by 2030. That is, a world where the land restored back to health equals to, or is more than, the amount degraded every year.
For more information on the Day and previous events, visit: http://www.unccd.int/en/programmes/Event‐and‐campaigns/WDCD/Pages/default.aspx
For background information and materials for the 2016 Observance, visit: For information about the Global Observance event, visit: http://www.unccd.int/en/programmes/Event‐and‐ campaigns/WDCD/wdcd2016/Pages/default.aspx
Contact for World Day to Combat Desertification: Yhori@unccd.int
For Media information: wwischnewski@unccd.int

A permaculture story

 

Why Partner the Water?

JULY 5, 2015

Why does anyone get into permaculture? I could list many reasons, starting with three – to provide long-term food in a way that restores the land rather than depleting it; to work with, rather than against, natural processes (thus reducing the workload greatly); to create a self-sustaining mini-ecosystem that supports many forms of life, not just human…

For me, it was all of these, coupled with the urgent awareness that Mama Gaia needs help NOW – and that permaculture was one way in which I could help to restore the planet starting with my own backyard.

Five years out, I feel I’m barely beginning. I’ve moved from a long, in-depth observation of my property (and a large number of Band-Aid cures for surface issues!) to a walloping realization: there are some very deep issues to be addressed here. And they all revolve around water…and a bigger understanding of my property as part of a larger watershed.

Read the full article: Partner the water

 

Soil restorations: mulching, composting, erosion checks, biochar

Photo credit: Permaculture News

The practical on-ground (demonstration) site of The Ghana Permaculture Institute

Regenerative/Permaculture Practice in Ghana

by Matthew Onyeanula

EXCERPT

The Ghana Permaculture Institute was established in 2004 And is located in Techiman of the Brong Ahafo Region in Ghana It has two sites, one a Lecture site located in the city while the other site a practical on-ground (demonstration) site.

The demonstrated site located in Tanoboase near Baafi initially had degraded due to the fact that the top soils had been removed through erosion caused by deforestation and poor agriculture techniques. We have been doing a lot of land restorations through using techniques such as mulching, composting, erosion checks more. The demonstration site is now a place to behold as plants are doing very well together with the environment.

No overgrazing: sustainable production of meat, milk and compost

Photo credit: Permaculture News

Some New Angles on Grazing Cells

by Sean Dixon-Sullivan

The Big Scrub is gone; destroyed by loggers and cattle farmers a century ago. What was once Australia’s largest subtropical rainforest—900km2 of biodiversity—is now largely home to cows and grass. Even between these two components many landowners still struggle to enforce balance. Thistle-covered paddies, eroded hillsides, compacted soils with sparse vegetation—scars from this struggle cover the region’s rolling lowlands..

Yet the struggle is an unnecessary one, as one farm in the region is demonstrating. Observe nature; learn to work with it rather than against it. These are principles of permaculture and the basis of the Grazing Method at Zaytuna farm (ZGM). We know that the most sustainable—the most balanced—designs are those that most closely mimic natural ecosystems. As Joel Salatin observes:

“Herbivores in nature exhibit three characteristics: mobbing for predator protection, movement daily onto fresh forage and away from yesterday’s droppings, and a diet consisting of forage only.”1Hence the ZGM practices short-term cell rotations.

Read the full article: Permaculture News

Kitchen garden contour beds in the Sacred Valley Peru

Photo credit: Permaculture News

The ancient Inca also utilised contour patterning in their agriculture

Contour Beds Peru

by Adam Woodman

EXCERPT

Contour beds are annual and/or perennial vegetable garden beds that conform to the natural pattern of the landscape. Being on contour means that the paths and beds themselves are level and follow the lay of the land. Not only does this create an attractive pattern on the landscape this technique more importantly allows us to slow, spread, and sink water into our garden beds in a similar way that swales do. This orientation also prevents erosion due to the pacifying of any surface runoff.

To create contour beds one must be able to accurately measure and peg out the contours. This can be done by a number of ways; using a laser level, a water (bunyip) level or an ‘A-frame’. Not having access to a laser level we built an A-frame out of some scrap wood and wire.

Added into the soil layer should be any organic soil amendments (compost, manure, bone meal, kelp meal, rock dust, etc.) that are needed.  - http://permaculturenews.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/contour1.jpg
Added into the soil layer should be any organic soil amendments (compost, manure, bone meal, kelp meal, rock dust, etc.) that are needed. – http://permaculturenews.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/contour1.jpg

Creating contour beds

Begin digging along the contour creating a path and mounding the soil on the lower side making the bed. Create the beds at a height of 30cm and 120-140cm in width. This width allows for one to reach the middle of the bed by without standing on the bed itself compacting the soil. The paths between the beds should be large enough to accommodate a wheelbarrow (40-60cm) for harvesting and composting, and can be dug out slightly to a depth of 20-30cm. The removed soil is used on the bed and paths filled with woodchips, sawdust or gravel. Woodchips will slowly breakdown and can later be used as compost. Water will always find level, thus for precise levelling flood the paths with water and correct their level using a shovel.

Read the full article: Permaculture News

Floods, landslides and droughts in Nepal

Photo credit: Google

Surkhet, Nepal Village Plateau

Farmer to farmer video at the Himalayan Permaculture Centre – Photostory

Introduction

Nepal is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change experienced through recurrent natural disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts. The majority of the working population are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Subsistence agriculture is often practiced by rural communities who often rely on the climatic conditions and traditional farming practices. In the past years, changes in the climatic conditions such as warmer winters, changing rainfall patterns and warmer temperatures have greatly affected agriculture productivity and disrupted the planting seasons leading to crop failure and food shortages.

To build a community that is more resilient to the impacts of climate change and improve the livelihoods of rural communities in the Surkhet region, innovative and creative ways are needed to communicate action that supports sustainable and resilient livelihoods in the long-term in the face of uncertain climatic conditions, especially in rural deprived areas.

Read the full story: weAdapt

The Role of Family Farming in Food Security

 Photo credit: Pixabay

Family Farming Eases Food Shortages in Eastern Cuba

By Patricia Grogg

EXCERPT

On the three hectares they have been working for the past seven years, the couple combine agroecological techniques with the rational use of natural resources, as they learned in the permaculture courses given in the city by the non-governmental ecumenical Bartolomé G. Lavastida Christian Centre for Service and Training (CCSC-Lavastida).

“We had to ‘deprogramme’ ourselves to start using these techniques, because when you have planted the same thing in the same way all your life, it’s hard to believe it’s possible to diversify crops and stop using chemicals.” — Omar Navarro

The microproject gave them economic support to improve the infrastructure on their farm and buy livestock, in exchange for a commitment to donate part of their production to vulnerable segments of society, such as terminally ill patients, people living with HIV/AIDS, or the elderly.

Read the full article (marked with highlights): IPS

Permaculture improving livelihoods (IFAD)

Read at :

http://ifad-un.blogspot.be/2012/11/permaculture-improving-livelihoods_27.html

By Lynn Kota

Sbulelo Gamedze is full of smiles as she opens the gate and welcomes us into her beautiful garden. She has never been involved in any form of farming, before she became interested after attending trainings conducted by LUSLM (Lower Usuthu  Sustainable Land Management -GEF) Sustainable Agriculture coordinator Mr NormanMavuso on Permaculture gardening. She started attending the trainings which took place at Madlenya area, beginning in July 2012 and two months down the line she has her own beautiful permaculture garden which has already started to help her feed a family of 6 people.   So far from her garden she has harvested spinach and lettuce which takes a much shorter time to be ready for consumption. Her garden has other vegetables such as beetroot, carrots, garlic, onions and cabbages. Through attending the training she was motivated her to start a garden and what motivated her even more was the thought of saving money because if she had a garden then she won’t have to spend money buying vegetables from the markets.

“Madlenya area is  faced with a serious issue of  shortage of water so this is the perfect way of growing vegetables because you only water the garden twice a week and your produce is very good and healthy’’ she notes. “The water that we are encouraged to use is ‘grey water’, which is water that we have already used for other purposes in the household, like washing dishes and bathing. We are then taught how to purify this water for re-use in our gardens”, she adds.

All was not smooth as she faced some challenges in establishing her garden ”I didn’t have all the necessary garden tools to start and maintain a garden but during the trainings we were encouraged to use any available tools around the house, I didn’t have a fork so I used a hoe instead, I also didn’t have a watering can so I used a bucket to water my garden.  For preparing liquid manure, I used an old drum, which had been lying around in the yard”.

(continued)

Permaculture improving livelihoods (IFAD)

Read at :

http://ifad-un.blogspot.be/2012/11/permaculture-improving-livelihoods_27.html

Posted by Roxanna Samii

By Lynn Kota

Sbulelo Gamedze is full of smiles as she opens the gate and welcomes us into her beautiful garden. She has never been involved in any form of farming, before she became interested after attending trainings conducted by LUSLM (Lower Usuthu  Sustainable Land Management -GEF) Sustainable Agriculture coordinator Mr NormanMavuso on Permaculture gardening. She started attending the trainings which took place at Madlenya area, beginning in July 2012 and two months down the line she has her own beautiful permaculture garden which has already started to help her feed a family of 6 people.   So far from her garden she has harvested spinach and lettuce which takes a much shorter time to be ready for consumption. Her garden has other vegetables such as beetroot, carrots, garlic, onions and cabbages. Through attending the training she was motivated her to start a garden and what motivated her even more was the thought of saving money because if she had a garden then she won’t have to spend money buying vegetables from the markets.

(continued)