Small-scale farmers and soybean in Argentina

Photo credit: IPS

Small farmers make carob powder, thanks to the support of an Argentine government project to boost family agriculture, in the rural village of Guanaco Sombriana in the northern province of Santiago del Estero. Credit: Fabiana Frayssinet/IPS

The Dilemma of Soy in Argentina

By Fabiana Frayssinet

EXCERPT

Industrial soy production continues to expand in Argentina, pushing small farmers out of the countryside and replacing other crops and cattle. It presents a challenge in a country where 70 percent of the food consumed comes from family farms, but which also needs the foreign exchange brought in by what has been dubbed “green gold”.

In 2013, exports of soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil brought in 23.2 billion dollars, representing 26 percent of the country’s total sales abroad, according to the business chamber that represents producers of grains and cereals, the Cámara de la Industria Aceitera-Centro de Exportadores de Cereales.

That makes transgenic soybeans Argentina’s main source of foreign currency. And the soybean production chain accounts for 5.5 percent of GDP and 10 percent of tax revenue.

Land that has been deforested in the central Argentine province of Córdoba, as a result of the expansion of transgenic soy. Credit: Fabiana Frayssinet/IPS – http://cdn.ipsnews.net/Library/2015/03/Argentina-2.jpg

Impact on farming

“The growth in the surface area covered by soy and by transgenic commodities in general has meant the displacement of local farmers and an increase in cattle raised in feedlots,” Carlos Vicente, a member of GRAIN, a Barcelona-based international organisation dedicated to global agricultural issues, told IPS.

As an example of the impact, he said thousands of small dairy farms had closed down. “In the (eastern) province of Buenos Aires alone, 300 shut down,” he said.

“This means production is stagnant and concentrated in the hands of large producers, who are now acting as an oligopoly,” he added.

Read the full story:  IPS

Impact of oil palm, soybean and jatropha on tropical forests

Photo credit: Google

Part of an oil palm plantation at the border of intact forest. Jambi, Indonesia, December 2010. Photo by Iddy Farmer/CIFOR

Does production of oil palm, soybean, or jatropha change biodiversity and ecosystem functions in tropical forests

Authors: S. Savilaakso, Y. Laumonier, M.R. Guariguata, R. Nasi

CIFOR Working Paper no. 167 (2014)

EXCERPT

Methods/design. In this review, we will assess the current state of knowledge of the impact of three first generation biofuel crops – oil palm, soybean, and jatropha – on the biodiversity and ecosystem functions of the tropical forests.

Amazon, illegally logged to clear land for soya plantations. Photo February 2006. © Greenpeace / Daniel Beltra – http://www.peopleandtheplanet.com/image.php@id=1570

 

We will look at the additional comparison of impacts from industrial versus smallholder plantations, and will compare the mitigation potential of different standards related to biofuel production. We will consider both qualitative and quantitative primary studies as well as descriptive reports that compare land conversion for target crop production with other land uses or land cover types.

Jatropha biodiesel has been promoted as a means of enhancing economic development, poverty alleviation and energy security in Sub-Sahara Africa. – http://www.biodiversity.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/j13.jpg

 

Both before/after and site comparison studies will be included, and biodiversity indicators to be assessed are species richness, abundance, and plant and animal community composition. If there is enough data, quantitative meta-analysis will be performed. Otherwise results will be summarized narratively.

Read the full article: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)